Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 1. The laboratory mouse handbook of experimental animals. A route of administration in pharmacology and toxicology is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body routes of administration are generally classified by the location at which the substance is applied. The various routes of administrations are classified into following categories. Routes of drug administration refer to the right path or the required route through which a drug has to be administered into the body to obtain maximum benefit. This article deals with the salient features, advantages and disadvantages of some of the alternative routes of drug administration transdermal, pulmonary and parenteral routes. It may be in the form of tablets, capsules, syrup, emulsions. Know the different drug administration routes as oral, rectal, parenteral, inhalation, dermal and mucosal. Routes can also be classified based on where the target of action is. The path taken by the drug to get into the body is known as the route of drug administration. In this route of administration the drug does not pass through the gastrointestinal tract.
The drug administration schedule can sometimes be flexible in order to accommodate the clients activities for the day or preferences. This article explains how the rectal route functions in drug absorption, clarifies when this route is appropriate to use and outlines the steps nurses should follow to prepare patients adequately and safely to carry out the procedure. Intravenous administration merits bypass first pass metabolism100% quick onset of action in uncooperative and unconscious patients those with nausea and vomiting hypertonic solutions and irritants large volumes amount of drug can be controlled accurately demerits antiseptic conditions. Different routes are oral route, sublingual route, rectal route, parentral routes, subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular. Parenteral drug administration chapter 7 medication safety. Parenteral administration is preferred at times over other drug administrations routes, such as in emergency situations of cardiac arrest and anaphylactic shock shi et al. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Parenteral routes routes of administration other than enteral route are called parenteral routes. To obtain a general effect, the drug is usually given by oral or parenteral route. A focus group study about oral drug administration. Because the muscles lie below the skin and fatty tissues, a longer needle is used. The optimal choice of medication administration route. This standard provides for all routes of administration for drugs.
In this video lecture, professor fink identifies the major routes of administration of drugs and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each. Routes of administration an overview sciencedirect topics. The enteral route usually refers to taking drugs by mouth. Good practice administration routes and volumes for mice, rats, and rabbits are indicated in table 1. Parenteral routes of administration include the subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous routes. Routes of drug administration advantages of inhalation rapid action of the drug, with local effects with in the respiratory tract potent drugs may be given in small. Routes of drug administration authorstream presentation. The route of administration roa that is chosen may have a profound effect upon the speed and. Advantages and disadvantages of routes of drug administration. The production of this text has raised many questions concerning the data available relating to this method of medication administration. It is a method of delivering the drug directly into the blood stream without having to pass the oral or alimentary mucous layer. Here the drug is given from routes other than oral i. Drugs are usually injected into the muscle of the upper arm, thigh, or buttock.
The book discusses the anatomy and physiology of administration sites. Lets look at the most common parenteral routes of drug administration. Route of administration of biotech products free download as powerpoint presentation. M 5 ewg routes of administration european medicines agency. Routes of drug administration routes of drug administration often there is a great choice in selecting the route by which a drug should be given to patients. Instead, the administration of the following drugs in their subcutaneous forms should be billed using cpt code 96372, therapeutic, prophylactic, or diagnostic injection specify substance or drug. Methods of administration include oral, sublingual dissolving the drug under the tongue, and rectal. Routes of administration and dosage forms pharmacology. Pros and cons of different routes of drug administration. Routes of medication administration oral route also called per oral in this route as the name indicates drug is taken by mouth. Alternative routes of drug administration transdermal. The administration of the following drugs should not be billed using a chemotherapy administration code. Brief history drugs were being administered intravenously into animals as early as 1657 with mixed results. Intravenous medicines or fluids that go directly into the patients vein are being given by the intravenous iv route.
Common examples include oral and intravenous administration. Route of drug administration with selection parameters in. Parenteral drug administration refers to drugs given by routes other than the digestive tract. Drug delivery characteristics and pharmacodynamic properties vary depending on the route of administration chosen for the drug. Sc promethazine is contraindicated as it may result in tissue necrosis. Start studying parenteral routes of drug administration. The route of administration is largely dependent on the property of the test substance and the objective of. Emergency or the impossibility of intake by mouth makes the parenteral route. Parenteral drug administration their types, advantages. Given intravenously, naloxone rapidly reverses opioidinduced central nervous system depression, but when given enterally, the drug can be used to treat opioid. The term parenteral is usually used for drugs given by injection or infusion. Advantages and disadvantages of the parenteral route.
Most of the drugs can be administered by different routes. Intramuscular im and subcutaneous routes of administration are convenient ways to deliver medications. Routes of drug administration covers topics about parenteral and enteral routes of drug administration. Condition of the patient unconscious, vomiting, diarrhoea. This type of administration route exhibits several advantages, such as firstpass metabolism avoidance, better bioavailability, and reliable dosage. Over the next 150 years, the science of injectable drugs slowly developed, with the first use of a. Phar 7633 chapter 7 routes of drug administration intravenous iv drugs may be given into a peripheral vein over 1 to 2 minutes or longer by infusion. This route of administration is possible if the drug is in liquid dosage form. Route of administration of biotech products liposome.
The intradermal id route of administration is used for diagnostic and allergy skin testing. Route of drug administration is the medium in which any drug is introduced into the body for its action. Parenteral preparations circumvent the intestinal tract and, therefore, are not subject to pharmacodynamic properties. The three main parenteral routes of drug administration are iv, im, and sc, and in all cases administration is usually via a hollow needle.
Dosage forms like the tablets, capsules, syrups, suspensions, emulsion are taken by this route. The influence of route of drug administration on metabolite kinetics has been. Rapid injections are used to treat epileptic seizures, acute asthma, or cardiac arrhythmias. Parenteral routes, which do not involve the gastrointestinal tract, include intravenous other articles where parenteral administration is discussed. Figures and tables can be seen in the attached printfriendly pdf file of the complete article. Good practice administration routes and volumes for mice. The common parenteral routes are listed in table 7. Its the nurses responsibility to be aware of tests or procedures that are taking place that may affect the medication administration. Drugs are introduced into the body by several routes. Is the administration of a drug orally or by inhalation parenteral any medication route outside the intestines or alimentary canal, such as intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, or mucosal. In this lesson, we defined that a parenteral drug administration is the delivery of a medication by injection into the body, and discussed the common types of. A drug administered parenterally is one injected via a hollow needle into the body at various sites and to varying depth. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. For these routes to be viable, a medication must be watersoluble or in suspension.
Preparing to administer a drug drugs local effect applied directly to skin, tissue, or mucous membranes systemic effect given by routes that allow the drug to be absorbed or distributed into the bloodstream pay close attention dose route form of medication. A route of administration in pharmacy is the path by which a drug is taken into the body. Oral route has a slow onset of action, hence not used in. Routes of administration factors to be considered when. Though the mechanisms of action of drugs delivered by these routes. Drug and patientrelated factors determine the selection of routes for drug administration. Routes of administration of a drug are determined by its physical and chemical properties, patient characteristics and the rapidity of response desired.
A drug given parenterally is one given by a route other than the mouth topical dosage forms are considered separately. Parenteral routes of drug administration flashcards quizlet. The intramuscular route is preferred to the subcutaneous route when larger volumes of a drug product are needed. Health professionals must demonstrate their competence before taking responsibility for parenteral administration. Parenteral administration medications can be delivered into the body through a variety of routes. A route of administration in pharmacology and toxicology is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body. Parenteral administration is a route of drug administration devoid of oral route. Medication errors happen all too often in the united states, even when drugs are given by professionals.
Administration of substances to laboratory animals. Oral route is the most common route of drug administration. Drug administration drugs msd manual consumer version. The food and drug administration receives more than 100,000 reports of medication errors. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. Given by injection into a vein intravenously, iv, into a muscle. Administration of oral medication can be performed in standing horses with basic restraint using halter and lead rope. Chapter formulation development of parenteral products.
There are five commonly used routes of parenteral route other than digestive tract administration. Parenteral routes of drug administration are a means of introducing a drug into the body through injection, for quicker absorption by the body. Medication administration lecture notes flashcards quizlet. Other routes of medication administration manual of clinical. The intravenous route of administration bypasses the absorption step, resulting in 100% bioavailability. What is a parenteral route of drug administration answers. The optimal choice of medication administration route regarding intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous injection.
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